강남노래방 단종되는 캠리, 맥 못 추는 쏘나타…멸종 위기 맞은 글로벌 세단
도요타의 세계적 베스트셀링카인 중형 세단 캠리가 올해 말 일본 시장에서 사라진다. 1980년 출시 이후 지금까지 일본에서만 130만대가 팔렸지만 소형차와 미니밴 등에 밀려 단종이 결정됐다. 다만 미국에서 인기는 여전해 해외 판매용 생산은 유지키로 했다. 캠리는 미국에서 가장 많이 팔리는 세단 1위를 10년 넘게 고수하고 있지만, 도요타 모델 중 미국 판매 1위 자리는 스포츠유틸리티차(SUV)인 라브4에 내준 지 오래다.8일 차업계에 따르면, 중산층의 애마로 전 세계적 사랑을 받아온 ‘글로벌 중형 세단 3대장’ 캠리와 폭스바겐 파사트, 혼다 어코드는 전기차로의 전환 속에 역사의 뒤안길로 밀려나는 중이다.“차를 바꾸고 싶어도 고장이 안 나서 너무 오래 타야 한다”는 게 가장 큰 불만요인인 캠리다. ‘기술의 혼다’를 표방하며 일본차의 자존심인 어코드는 가변형 밸브 타이밍(VTEC) 엔진 같은 것으로 독일 명차 못잖은 실력을 뽐내왔다. 고속주행 시 실연비가 ℓ당 22~24㎞를 넘나들어 “굳이 하이브리드가 필요 없다”는 평을 듣는 폭스바겐 파사트 또한 아우토반에서 단련된 탄탄한 주행력을 자랑하지만, ‘ID. 시리즈’에 길을 내주고 있다.
중형 세단 등 승용차 판매량이 줄어든 자리를 파고든 건 SUV다. 세단의 변화 속도 이상으로 SUV도 달라지고 있다. 2015년 전후로 SUV에도 하이브리드가 탑재된 모델이 늘고 있다. 차체가 크다보니 공기저항이 많아 연비가 많이 들었던 SUV의 약점도 상당 부분 개선됐다. 기존 중형~대형 SUV의 공기저항계수(Cd)는 0.35 내외를 기록했지만, 최근 나온 SUV들은 계수를 0.30 이내로 낮췄다. 신형 싼타페의 공기저항계수는 0.29로, 0.20대 중반 수준의 세단과 큰 차이가 없다. 업계 관계자는 “소득 수준이 올라가고 레저 수요가 늘면서 크고 실용적인 SUV가 대세로 자리 잡았다”고 말했다.무엇보다 세계적인 전기차 전환이 전통의 중형 세단들에 가장 큰 걸림돌이다. 미국 조 바이든 행정부는 승용차 연비 기준을 2032년까지 갤런당 58마일(ℓ당 24.6㎞)로 높이는 방안을 추진 중이다.현재 쏘나타 하이브리드의 연비가 ℓ당 19~20㎞ 수준이다. 내연기관 세단이 아무리 연비가 좋아도 이 수준에 이르는 건 쉽지 않은 편이다. 유럽연합은 2035년부터 합성연료(e퓨얼) 사용 차량을 제외한 모든 내연기관차의 신규 판매를 중단키로 했다.업계 다른 관계자는 “유명 세단들은 없어져도 세단 형태 자체는 사라지지 않을 것”이라며 “세단이든, SUV든 내연기관 중심으로 쌓아온 모델 명성이 전동화 시대에도 이어질 수 있을 것인가가 관건”이라고 말했다.
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